Towards measuring Entanglement Entropies in Many Body Systems

We explore the relation between entanglement entropy of quantum many body systems and the distribution of corresponding, properly selected, observables. Such a relation is necessary to actually measure the entanglement entropy. We show that in general, the Shannon entropy of the probability distribution of certain symmetry observables gives a lower bound to the entropy. In some cases this bound is saturated and directly gives the entropy. We also show other cases in which the probability distribution contains enough information to extract the entropy: we show how this is done in several examples including BEC wave functions, the Dicke model, XY spin chain and chains with strong randomness

Plasmids in the aphid endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola with the smallest genomes. A puzzling evolutionary story.

Buchnera aphidicola, the primary endosymbiont of aphids, has undergone important genomic and biochemical changes as an adaptation to intracellular life. The most important structural changes include a drastic genome reduction and the amplification of genes encoding key enzymes for the biosynthesis of amino acids by their translocation to plasmids. Molecular characterization through different aphid subfamilies has revealed that the genes involved in leucine and tryptophan biosynthesis show a variable fate, since they can be located on plasmids or on the chromosome in different lineages. This versatility contrasts with the genomic stasis found in three distantly related B. aphidicola strains already sequenced. We present the analysis of three B. aphidicola strains (BTg, BCt and BCc) belonging to aphids from different tribes of the subfamily Lachninae, that was estimated to harbour the bacteria with the smallest genomes. The presence of both leucine and tryptophan plasmids in BTg, a chimerical leucine-tryptophan plasmid in BCt, and only a leucine plasmid in BCc, indicates the existence of many recombination events in a recA minus bacterium. In addition, these B. aphidicola plasmids are the simplest described in this species, indicating that plasmids are also involved in the genome shrinkage process

Modelos de negocio en eSports: El rol de ESL en el desarrollo de CS:GO

Sports has become a potential industry for doing business, to attract players, teams and fans. But how Business Models in eSports are? And, what is the role of ESL in the development of CS:GO? This thesis analyzes the Business Model Canvas (BMC) of the tournament organizer ESL. Emphasis is on four important building blocks value proposition (VP), customer segments (CS), key partners (KP) and revenue streams (R$). The author explores eSports stakeholders as well as describes secondary sources from academic literature, and specific eSports figures oriented to the growth and development of the industry. The results indicate that ESL has a role as a mediator in the industry, as well as make strategic alliances with eSports stakeholders. ESL is moving towards the long-term stability of the business model of CS:GO. Thanks to the leagues and tournaments, CS:GO has an active presence throughout the world. Overall, the eSport industry is constantly expanding and growing which shows a big opportunity to develop new business models.Los deportes electrónicos se han convertido en una industria potencial para hacer negocios, para atraer jugadores, equipos y aficionados. Sin embargo, ¿cómo son los modelos de negocio en eSports? ¿Y cuál es el rol de ESL en el desarrollo de CS:GO? Esta tesis analiza el modelo de negocio del organizador de torneos ESL mediante la herramienta Business Model Canvas (BMC). El énfasis está en cuatro importantes building blocks: propuesta de valor (value proposition, VP), segmentos de clientes (customer segments, CS), socios clave (key partners, KP) y flujos de ingresos (revenue streams, R$). La autora explora los stakeholders de los eSports, y describe fuentes secundarias, literatura académica y cifras específicas de eSports orientadas al crecimiento y desarrollo de la industria. Los resultados indican que ESL tiene un papel como mediador en la industria, y además se encarga de hacer alianzas estratégicas con stakeholders de los eSports. Además se evidencia que ESL está trabajando por la estabilidad a largo plazo del modelo de negocio of CS:GO. Gracias a las ligas y torneos, CS:GO tiene una presencia activa en todo el mundo. En general, la industria del deporte electrónico está en constante expansión y crecimiento lo cual evidencia una gran oportunidad para el desarrollo de nuevos modelos de negocios.A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for award of Master of Business Administration (M. Sc.) Double Degree To the European University Viadrina And Universidad Nacional de Colombia. -- Supervisors EUV Germany: Prof. Dr. Georg Stadtmann and Philipp Barth. -- Supervisors Universidad Nacional de Colombia: Sebastian Robledo and Eduardo Villegas.Maestrí

The impact of renewable energy sources on economic growth and CO2 emissions:Evidence from Iberian Peninsula

During the last years, due to a constant increase of the concern about environmental questions and an accompanying development of related policies, there has been an increase in energy production from renewable sources. In this line of thought, the aim of this dissertation is to examine the relationship between renewable energy production, economic growth and CO2 emissions in the Iberian Peninsula, using a Structural Vector Autoregressive model. The innovative contribution of this dissertation is the incorporation of oil prices, as an exogenous variable, since the increase in the price of this raw material in the international market have had very negative impacts on the economies of both countries. This study covers the sample period from 1960 to 2009 and it approaches two distinct analyses: one for aggregate energy production (TRES), considering the total of renewable energy sources; another for disaggregated energy sources, considering hydroelectricity separately from the other renewable sources, due to the high weight of the first in energy production. For the two cases, both the structural factorization results and the impulse-response functions show that, contrary to what was expected, a shock on energy does not have a significant impact on GDP. Total RES and hydro only affect negatively CO2 emissions during the first year. This situation led to conclude that hydroelectric is the main source that contributes to the total RES. Another important result is the positive impact of CO2 emissions to a shock on GDP that occurs at least most during six years. The variance decomposition shows, for both countries, a large amount of uncertainty in the forecast of the growth rate of CO2 emissions, mainly due to a shock on TRES (30% in Portugal and 20% in Spain) for aggregate analysis and due to a shock on hydro (28% in Portugal and 20% in Spain) for disaggregate analysis and almost no uncertainty in predicting the growth rate of TRES and GDP

Un lugar para el hombre : hacia una monumentalidad moderna = A place for man : towards a modern monumentality

El problema de la monumentalidad constituye uno de los aspectos más conflictivos de la modernidad. Inevitablemente asociado a la arquitectura decimonónica con la que quiere romper, la teoría y la obra moderna se debatiría desde sus orígenes entre la eliminación del simbolismo y la permanencia del carácter representativo en el objeto arquitectónico, entre la ruptura con formalidades pasadas y la aceptación del carácter clásico previo. Este escrito indaga, por medio del análisis de algunas de las principales posturas surgidas desde los albores del Movimiento Moderno hasta la crisis postmoderna, en esta diatriba con la pretensión de entender la ausencia o existencia de una monumentalidad verdaderamente moderna; una alternativa autónoma, propia de la nueva arquitectura, e independiente de simbologías y condiciones formales heredadas. ----------ABSTRACT---------- The problem of monumentality constitutes one of the most conflicting aspects in modernism. Inevitably associated with the subject of its criticism, Nineteenth century architecture, modern theory and practice struggled from its inception between obliterating symbolism and mantaining the representative character of the architectural object, between rupturing with past formalisms and accepting the former classic character. This text investigates, through the analysis of some of the main positions appeared since the origin of the Modern Movement to the postmodern crisis, this diatribe, in an intent to understand the existence of an essentially modern monumentality; an autonomous alternative, characteristic of the new architecture and independent of any inherited symbologies or formal conditions

Entre la expresión y el tipo : James Stirling en los cincuenta = Between expression and type : James Stirling in the fifties

Los años cincuenta representan la etapa de maduración de James Stirling, el tiempo en que, frente al incipiente cisma de la arquitectura moderna, desarrolló una sólida posición intelectual que se formalizaría en su obra posterior. Este artículo profundiza en esta postura que, cimentada en la necesidad de reintegrar modernidad e historia, pretende revitalizar la arquitectura a partir de dos cuestiones críticas: la expresión y la forma. La primera, ofreciendo una alternativa al problema estilístico contemporáneo por medio de la expresión de la función, entendida ésta como la idea central de la modernidad. Y la segunda, por medio del empleo instrumental de la abstracción de dicha forma, el tipo, redescubriendo la capacidad significante de éste y, por tanto, el potencial comunicativo de valores modernos extraídos de cualquier época. El repaso cronológico de algunos de sus proyectos, escritos críticos y referencias relevantes de su formación, permite entender el progresivo diálogo entre estas dos ideas, una persistente y la otra en evolución, hasta 1959, año en que con el escrito “The functional tradition and expression” y el proyecto para el Churchill College, alcanza la integración de método y estética que daría lugar a su arquitectura posterior. ----------ABSTRACT---------- The fifties represent the period when James Stirling matured, the time when he confronted the recent schism of modern architecture and developed a solid intellectual position which would take shape in his later work. This article deepens in this attitude which, cemented in the necessary reintegration of modernity and history, pretends to reinvigorate architecture from two critic concepts: expression and form. The first one, offering an alternative to the stylistic problem of contemporary architecture through the expression of function, this understood as the central idea of modernism. And the second, through the instrumental use of its abstraction, type, rediscovering form’s signifying potential and, therefore, its ability to convey the values of modernism, present in any era. The chronological review of some of his projects, theoretical writings and relevant references from his education describes the progressive dialogue between these two concepts, one firm and the other in constant evolution, up to 1959, the year when he writes “The Functional Tradition and Expression” and designs the Churchill College, when the integration of method and aesthetics is achieved establishing the basis for his subsequent architecture

L-Music: uma abordagem para composição musical assistida usando L-Systems

Generative music systems have been researched for an extended period of time. The scientific corpus of this research field is translating, currently, into the world of the everyday musician and composer. With these tools, the creative process of writing music can be augmented or completely replaced by machines. The work in this document aims to contribute to research in assisted music composition systems. To do so, a review on the state of the art of these fields was performed and we found that a plethora of methodologies and approaches each provide their own interesting results (to name a few, neural networks, statistical models, and formal grammars). We identified Lindenmayer Systems, or L-Systems, as the most interesting and least explored approach to develop an assisted music composition system prototype, aptly named L-Music, due to the ability of producing complex outputs from simple structures. L-Systems were initially proposed as a parallel string rewriting grammar to model algae plant growth. Their applications soon turned graphical (e.g., drawing fractals), and eventually they were applied to music generation. Given that our prototype is assistive, we also took the user interface and user experience design into its well-deserved consideration. Our implemented interface is straightforward, simple to use with a structured visual hierarchy and flow and enables musicians and composers to select their desired instruments; select L-Systems for generating music or create their own custom ones and edit musical parameters (e.g., scale and octave range) to further control the outcome of L-Music, which is musical fragments that a musician or composer can then use in their own works. Three musical interpretations on L-Systems were implemented: a random interpretation, a scale-based interpretation, and a polyphonic interpretation. All three approaches produced interesting musical ideas, which we found to be potentially usable by musicians and composers in their own creative works. Although positive results were obtained, the developed prototype has many improvements for future work. Further musical interpretations can be added, as well as increasing the number of possible musical parameters that a user can edit. We also identified the possibility of giving the user control over what musical meaning L-Systems have as an interesting future challenge.Sistemas de geração de música têm sido alvo de investigação durante períodos alargados de tempo. Recentemente, tem havido esforços em passar o conhecimento adquirido de sistemas de geração de música autónomos e assistidos para as mãos do músico e compositor. Com estas ferramentas, o processo criativo pode ser enaltecido ou completamente substituído por máquinas. O presente trabalho visa contribuir para a investigação de sistemas de composição musical assistida. Para tal, foi efetuado um estudo do estado da arte destas temáticas, sendo que foram encontradas diversas metodologias que ofereciam resultados interessantes de um ponto de vista técnico e musical. Os sistemas de Lindenmayer, ou L-Systems, foram selecionados como a abordagem mais interessante, e menos explorada, para desenvolver um protótipo de um sistema de composição musical assistido com o nome L-Music, devido à sua capacidade de produzirem resultados complexos a partir de estruturas simples. Os L-Systems, inicialmente propostos para modelar o crescimento de plantas de algas, são gramáticas formais, cujo processo de reescrita de strings acontece de forma paralela. As suas aplicações rapidamente evoluíram para interpretações gráficas (p.e., desenhar fractais), e eventualmente também foram aplicados à geração de música. Dada a natureza assistida do protótipo desenvolvido, houve uma especial atenção dada ao design da interface e experiência do utilizador. Esta, é concisa e simples, tendo uma hierarquia visual estruturada para oferecer uma orientação coesa ao utilizador. Neste protótipo, os utilizadores podem selecionar instrumentos; selecionar L-Systems ou criar os seus próprios, e editar parâmetros musicais (p.e., escala e intervalo de oitavas) de forma a gerarem excertos musicais que possam usar nas suas próprias composições. Foram implementadas três interpretações musicais de L-Systems: uma interpretação aleatória, uma interpretação à base de escalas e uma interpretação polifónica. Todas as interpretações produziram resultados musicais interessantes, e provaram ter potencial para serem utilizadas por músicos e compositores nos seus trabalhos criativos. Embora tenham sido alcançados resultados positivos, o protótipo desenvolvido apresenta múltiplas melhorias para trabalho futuro. Entre elas estão, por exemplo, a adição de mais interpretações musicais e a adição de mais parâmetros musicais editáveis pelo utilizador. A possibilidade de um utilizador controlar o significado musical de um L-System também foi identificada como uma proposta futura relevante

Industrial processes optimization in digital marketplace context: A case study in ornamental stone sector

We are witnessing a transition to a digital economy, popularized by academics and practitioners as the Fourth Industrial Era, also designated as Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Among all the available digital technologies and aiming to optimize the Architecture Engineering and Construction (AEC) supply chain, the Building Information Modelling (BIM) is becoming officially mandatory worldwide. Oriented to a zero-waste, zero-ecological footprint and reduced time to execute the constructions, from the BIM, emerges a new procurement model which will affect many sectors integrating this supply chain, especially those more traditional and fragmented ones, such as the Ornamental Stone sector (OS). Addressing this problem through the Service Science perspective, the objective of this research was to conceptualize an Empirical Framework (EF), to evaluate the impact of the Industry4.0 operations on the Time-to-Deliver the products in a digital marketplace context. By applying this EF to a case study related to the Ornamental Stone in Portugal, it was found a positive impact of Industry 4.0 operations on the delivery time in the digital marketplace context.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Carrier recombination dynamics in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells

We have mesured the carrier recombination dynamics in InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells over an unprecedented range in intensity. We find that at times shorter than 30\,ns, they follow an exponential form, and a power law at times longer than 1\,$\mu$s. To explain these biphasic dynamics, we propose a simple three-level model where a charge-separated state interplays with the radiative state through charge transfer following a tunneling mechanism. We show how the distribution of distances in charge-separated states controls the dynamics at long time. Our results imply that charge recombination happens on nearly-isolated clusters of localization centers.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in PHYSICAL REVIEW